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What happens when your body goes into shock?

What is shock? Shock is when your body does not have enough blood circulating around in your body. Lack of blood circulation is a serious medical problem. There are many causes of shock including: uncontrolled bleeding, severe burns, and spinal injury. Some people think of shock as an emotional distress but in medical terms, it means your blood is not circulating. In more specific terms, it means that your blood pressure drops and your body goes into defense mode. The body begins to constrict blood vessels in your hands and feet. This is called vasoconstriction which helps conserve blood flow to the vital organs. The body can also release adrenaline which is a hormone that reverses this which causes the blood pressure to drop which can be fatal.

Many things effect the extremity of shock such as their age, gender, personality, where on their body they were injured, and the environmental surroundings. The symptoms of shock are as included:

• Pale, cold, clammy skin
• low, quick paced breathing
• Difficulty to breath
• Anxiety
• Fast heart rate
• Heart beat irregularities or palpitations
• Thirty or dry mouth
• Unable to urinate or dark urine
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dizziness
• Light-headed
• confusion and disoriented
• unconsciousness

Some of the different types of medical shock include:

• Hypovolaemic – meaning not enough blood volume. Causes include bleeding, which could be internal (such as a ruptured artery or organ) or external (such as a deep wound) or dehydration. Chronic vomiting, diarrhoea, dehydration or severe burns can also reduce blood volume and cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure
• Cardiogenic – caused when the heart cannot effectively pump blood around the body. Various conditions including heart attack, heart disease (such as cardiomyopathy) or valve disorders may prevent a person’s heart from functioning properly
• Neurogenic – injury to a person’s spine may damage the nerves that control the diameter (width) of blood vessels. The blood vessels below the spinal injury relax and expand (dilate) and cause a drop in blood pressure
• Septic – an infection makes the blood vessels dilate, which drops blood pressure. For example, an E. coli infection may trigger septic shock
• Anaphylactic – a severe allergic reaction causes blood vessels to dilate, which results in low blood pressure
• Obstructive – blood flow is stopped. Obstructive shock can be caused by cardiac (pericardial) tamponade, which is an abnormal build-up of fluid in the pericardium (the sac around the heart) that compresses the heart and stops it from beating properly, or pulmonary embolism (a blood clot in the pulmonary artery, blocking the flow of blood to the lungs)
• Endocrine – in a critically ill person, a severe hormonal disorder such as hypothyroidism may stop the heart from functioning properly and lead to a life-threatening drop in blood pressure.

Link for Types of shock: betterhealth.vic.gov

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